RAINWATER HARVESTING
As the water requirement of the rising population of the world cannot be met only by the
conventional systems, the need for water harvesting is becoming more and more
acute with time. Conservation of water that we get from rains for human
consumption and other uses has become a necessity both in our villages and
towns. We carry out water harvesting in
the following ways:
1. Roof
top rainwater harvesting for consumption as well as for recharge of groundwater
2. Rainwater
harvesting of water collected on the ground around the buildings for recharge
of groundwater level
3. Collection
of surface water that may run off by check dams and other devices for storage
in surface ponds, dams, etc.
Devices
to be used for rainwater harvesting will depend on the local circumstances. For
example, rainwater harvesting in cities will be aimed at storing water for
human consumption or groundwater improvement and reuse by bore wells. In
villages, in addition to the above purposes, it will also be used for cattle
and irrigation purposes.
Rooftop Harvesting | How to do Rooftop
harvesting?
For
reuse, the rooftop water is collected from the roof and directly leads into the
storage tank through pipes. A bypass system may also be provided so that the
water from the initial rains during the rainy season (which may contain a lot
of dust and leaves) can be used for groundwater improvement and only clean
water is led into storage tanks for domestic use.
Roof
water may also be used for groundwater improvement. For this purpose, the
rainwater can be led to an old well or an existing hole (such as an old bore
well) so that it will recharge the groundwater. We should remember that any
seepage deep into the ground will take time and hence, water should be stored
at least for a few hours in the well, tubewell or a pit before it can slowly
percolate into the ground. The rate of percolation will depend on the bottom
strata in the storage well. The well, pit or bore should end in permeable
strata for proper recharge of the groundwater.
How to do Harvesting of Rainwater That
Falls on the Ground?
The
basic principle in harvesting this water is to store the rainwater in a place
instead of allowing it to run off and provide time and means for it to
percolate slowly into the ground. If the soil at the site is impervious, it may
be necessary to have boreholes leading to a permeable layer below. Check dams
along the usual flow of the surface water can also be built to store this
water.
In
many cities and towns, water harvesting is now compulsory for groups of flats
and for residences with bore water installations and the details of devices
that the municipal authority wants can be obtained from local agencies.
FAQ
What Is Rain Water Harvesting?
Rainwater harvesting is the collection and
storage of rainwater from roofs, parks, roads, and open spaces.
What is the importance and need of Rain water
harvesting?
It reduces the risk of soil erosion and
flooding by collecting rainwater and reduces the flow of rainwater to prevent
urban flooding. Most buildings that use rainwater harvesting systems have a
built-in drainage catchment area on the roof, which is capable of collecting
large amounts of water during the rainy season.
What are the two methods of
rainwater harvesting?
There are two methods of water
collection in India: (i) Excess water collected through rainfall can be
transported to wells, which helps to replenish wells and groundwater. (ii)
Running rainwater harvesting and dry tanks on the roof.
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